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Medicalization in the United States has created more consistent classification and treatment guidelines for disorders and diseases nation-wide. However, the concept may foster a tendency toward premature diagnosis. The same can be said about pharmaceuticalization and quickness to medicate. Drug innovation and administration can be integral to quality of life, but how does this relationship shift when health becomes a commodity? How can the business end of medicine and pharmacy conflict with ethical responsibilities to patients?

Both pharmacological and behavioral interventions are widely accepted as methods to manage ADHD. For emerging adults with ADHD, low rates of treatment adherence preclude individuals from the long-term health benefits of evidence-based treatments, and inst

This work presents a new numerical method for processing atomic force microscopy (AFM) data to determine the elasticity of cultured adherent biological cells. Raw AFM force-indentation data is commonly interpreted using the Hertz and Sneddon contact mechanics models to fit a Young’s modulus or apparent cell elasticity. This apparent cell elasticity is highly dependent on the method used to identify the first point of contact between the AFM probe and the cell surface.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects up to 11% of individuals, causing impairment in academic, social, and work abilities. The trajectory of ADHD symptomology can be impacted by a myriad of factors, including caregiver parenting practices, levels of parent stress, and amount of support received. Symptoms of ADHD can change over time and this may be especially true in young children with or at-risk for ADHD.

An increasing number of students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are pursuing higher education. Existing studies have investigated the postsecondary educational outcomes of college students with ADHD, finding that these students typically have lower academic performance and higher dropout rates than their non-ADHD peers. Far fewer studies address the reasons for these poor outcomes.

Mechanical behavior of cells plays a crucial role in response to external stimuli and environment. It is very important to elucidate the mechanisms of cellular activities like spreading and alignment as it would shed light on further biological concepts. A multi-scale computational approach is adopted by modeling the cytoskeleton of cell as a tensegrity structure. The model is based on the complementary force balance between the tension and compression elements, resembling the internal structure of cell cytoskeleton composed of microtubules and actin filaments.

Although studies have investigated differences in the subjective evaluation of quality of life (QoL) between individuals with ADHD and their peers without ADHD, college students with ADHD are relatively understudied.

Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are likely to experience social and behavioral functioning impairment that can result in adverse outcomes in the school setting, as well as later in life. Recent research, including high school trials of the Challenging Horizons Program (CHP), has increasingly focused on school-based interventions to promote social and behavioral functioning in adolescents with ADHD in naturalistic settings of impairment.

Adolescents with ADHD are likely to have poor sleep hygiene and experience heightened daytime sleepiness. Given that the combination of poor sleep hygiene and heightened daytime sleepiness is likely to result in functional impairment in school settings for healthy adolescents, it was hypothesized that adolescents with ADHD, who present with poor sleep hygiene and/or heightened daytime sleepiness, as well as educational difficulties, are an even more vulnerable population for experiencing academic impairment.

ADHD is a common disorder in youth, with core deficits that impair important areas of functioning, most notably academic achievement. Existing school-based interventions may not be as effective in improving long-term academic outcomes for adolescents with comorbid ADHD and internalizing disorders. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between ADHD and internalizing symptoms in adolescents and the impact of anxiety and depression symptom severity on their academic outcomes after engaging in a multicomponent school-based intervention (BEST Project).

Students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience persistent academic impairments throughout childhood, with continued impairment into and through college. Current measures of functional impairment in this population may not be adequate to precisely capture the degree to which impairments affect daily academic performance across time.

The present study investigated the predictors of treatment efficacy of an early intervention for young children at-risk for diagnosis of ADHD. Initial analyses of these data investigated differences in growth over time between those children who received a multi-setting, multi-component intervention and those whose parents participated in a general parent education program, revealing that both groups exhibited equivalent improvements over the first year of a two-year intervention and one-year post-intervention follow-up.

Students with emotional behavioral problems, particularly those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), experience a variety of difficulties in the areas of academic achievement and educational outcomes. As early as preschool, difficulties in the attainment of pre-academic skills and appropriate behavioral control are evident.

Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at elevated risk for a host of negative educational outcomes compared to their typically developing peers. Families coping with ADHD are also less involved in their child's education and have more impaired parent-child relationships compared with families without a child with ADHD. Existing interventions targeting educational outcomes have typically focused on improving skills or performance deficits; however, there has been little focus on the ecological context in which interventions have been implemented.

Myosin-generated stresses are responsible for non-equilibrium mechanical behavior of synthesized cytoskeletal networks in vitro. In particular, it is found that myosin stresses can modify the network elasticity. For living cells, it has been suggested that internally generated stress might help cells sense and mimic the stiffness of their environments. However, cellular mechanical responses to intracellular stress are not well understood.