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With the Geneva Agreements, a precarious peace came to Indo-China, a peace which meant no more than a respite from conditions of actual warfare. The peace which came to Indo-China was not a "conqueror's peace" but a "forced peace". It was born out of neither vi ctory nor ordinary diplomatic compromise, but out of a combination of balckmail, threats, and military defeats.

The following pages will describe how a resistance group inside Nazi Germany manged to accomplish what it did, as accurately as can be done by using sources open to Zeitgeschichte.

It is the purpose of this paper to investigate how well the Constitution's provisions concerning the Council worked in practice. Was the Council merely a group of automatons only working on legislation passed by the legislature? In the light of changes in the government due to changes of parties in power, could a Radical Council carry a conservative program with equanimity, and could a Conservative Council overcome the temptation to read newly passed legislation in a variety of ways to suit its own purposes?

Thomas Jefferson had seen how deficiencies in the Articles of Confederation failed to provide for a political order. Europeans looked at the Congress as an impotent body and the United States as a mere collection of autonomous states. Jefferson became convinced of the need for reform.

The 1840's witnessed the emergence of Philadelphia as a big city from the old provincial town. These changes raised political-legal, economic, ethnic and religious problems which interacted to form the background of one of the most violent outbreaks of rioting in the early history of this country.

Contrary to the myth of invincibility which frequently enshrouds the history of the Royal Navy, there was no particular reason to cause an observer to predict a British victory in the War against the French Republic. At the outbreak of the war, England had a smaller navy than France. In addition, France had won the most recent war between the two countries. Finally, France was obviously a larger, stronger, more populous country than England. Yet England won all the naval battles. This is due in part ot the weaknesses of the French navy caused by the French Revolution.

This thesis examines the effects of racial discrimination as well as social and economic injustices in stimulating institutional responses to the problems of black people in an urban environment. Special emphasis is placed on southern migration after 1900 as a major factor accelerating the development of social settlements.

In 1765, George Croghan began peace negotiations with Pontiac and the Western Confederacy he represented, along with the Delawares, Shawnees, and Ohio Senecas. By using a microhistorical approach to analyze this single diplomatic event, this thesis explores the complexity and contingency of British imperialism within the northern trans-Appalachian West. I argue that imperialism and attempts to bring the region under British control integrated Indian voices within the imperial project.

From 1846 to 1870 Robert Cooper Grier, a Pennsylvania Jacksonian Democrat, served as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court and Third Circuit Court Justice. In judicial opinions and decisions and in personal and polictical correspondence, he expressed an unyielding commitment to the preservation of the Union.

Orphans in Russia have been widely discussed as one of the most marginalized groups. However, the mass media as well as academic literature have presented largely generalized accounts of orphans’ lives and there has been no clear understanding about how these children experienced transition from their childhood to adulthood. The statistics on orphanage graduates show that the majority of them become alcohol or drug addicts, end up in jail, or commit suicide.

The close proximity of Northampton County to many of the major battles in the early years of the Revolutionary War had a direct effect on the contributions made by residents of the county throughout the war.

New York City during the American Revolution, was radically different from other cities on the Atlantic Ocean. Because of its location at the mouth of the Hudson River, control of the city could isolate New England from the rest of the colonies. This paper is concerned with the use to which Loyalists put New York City during the years of the Revolution.

This demonstrates the postal pioneering achievements of the Honorable John Wanamaker, Postmaster General of the United States during the administration of Benjamin Harrison, 1889-1893.

Between the years 1789 and 1795, the French nation witnessed the emigration of an alarming percentage of its population. Aside from general histories, one encounters tracts on virtually every ramification their very existence had on the Revolution and its aftermath. The object of this paper is to co-ordinate much of this material and place it into its proper perspective through the use of contemporary pamphlets and journals.